Add Cookbook S01-S22 (draft)

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s14-exception-handler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "S14. Catch Exceptions"
+order: 33
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When a route handler throws, cpp-httplib keeps the server running and responds with 500. By default, though, very little of the error information reaches the client. `set_exception_handler()` lets you intercept exceptions and build your own response.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_exception_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res,
+     std::exception_ptr ep) {
+    try {
+      std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(std::string("error: ") + e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (...) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content("unknown error", "text/plain");
+    }
+  });
+```
+
+The handler receives a `std::exception_ptr`. The idiomatic move is to rethrow it with `std::rethrow_exception()` and catch by type. You can vary status code and message based on the exception type.
+
+## Branch on custom exception types
+
+If you throw your own exception types, you can map them to 400 or 404 responses.
+
+```cpp
+struct NotFound : std::runtime_error {
+  using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+struct BadRequest : std::runtime_error {
+  using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+
+svr.set_exception_handler(
+  [](const auto &req, auto &res, std::exception_ptr ep) {
+    try {
+      std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    } catch (const NotFound &e) {
+      res.status = 404;
+      res.set_content(e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (const BadRequest &e) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content("internal error", "text/plain");
+    }
+  });
+```
+
+Now throwing `NotFound("user not found")` inside a handler is enough to return 404. No per-handler try/catch needed.
+
+## Relationship with set_error_handler
+
+`set_exception_handler()` runs the moment the exception is thrown. After that, if `res.status` is 4xx or 5xx, `set_error_handler()` also runs. The order is `exception_handler` → `error_handler`. Think of their roles as:
+
+- **Exception handler**: interpret the exception, set the status and message
+- **Error handler**: see the status and wrap it in the shared template
+
+> **Note:** Without an exception handler, cpp-httplib returns a default 500 response and the exception details never make it to logs. Always set one for anything you want to debug.